食品伙伴網(wǎng)報(bào)道：據(jù)美國(guó)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分8月6日消息稱(chēng)，新的研究表明，腸道菌群構(gòu)成上的改變可能會(huì)對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中發(fā)病率上升的腸胃不適以及兒童肥胖癥等做出解釋。
高脂肪、高糖、高蛋白，而低纖維的飲食已在全世界范圍內(nèi)引起了非傳染性腸炎的發(fā)病率的上升。來(lái)自意大利佛羅倫薩的研究者們研究了非洲布基納法索14名健康的農(nóng)村兒童和15名意大利的城市兒童的腸道菌群。試圖解釋腸道菌群在一些腸道疾病中的角色。
布基納法索兒童吃的食物中淀粉、纖維和植物多糖高，脂肪和動(dòng)物蛋白質(zhì)低 - 被認(rèn)為是類(lèi)似于農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)早期的人類(lèi)的膳食結(jié)構(gòu)。而意大利兒童的飲食是典型的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家膳食結(jié)構(gòu)-在動(dòng)物蛋白質(zhì)、糖類(lèi)、脂肪、淀粉高，纖維低。研究人員對(duì)兩個(gè)群體的腸道菌群進(jìn)行研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)從停止母乳喂養(yǎng)后發(fā)生了重大分歧。
研究結(jié)果表明，相對(duì)于種族、環(huán)境衛(wèi)生、保健、地理而言，飲食對(duì)腸道菌群的組成結(jié)構(gòu)影響最大。研究者推斷，工業(yè)社會(huì)的高糖、高動(dòng)物脂肪、高卡路里的食物限制了腸道菌群的適應(yīng)性。布基納法索兒童的飲食是以小米、高粱、黑眼豆和蔬菜為主，其纖維含量為的意大利兒童飲食中的兩倍，研究人員建議，高纖維的攝入量可以在形成腸道菌群方面發(fā)揮主要作用。而意大利兒童的腸道菌群中細(xì)菌的比例曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為與增加肥胖風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān) - 也許這種比例提供一個(gè)有用的生物標(biāo)志物，
研究人員寫(xiě)道，這項(xiàng)研究可能促使進(jìn)行更深入的研究，以澄清雙方在腸道菌群、健康和疾病差異之間的關(guān)系，也可能會(huì)開(kāi)發(fā)新的益生菌產(chǎn)品。
本報(bào)道由食品伙伴網(wǎng)編譯整理，僅供食品行業(yè)相關(guān)人士參考，詳細(xì)內(nèi)容以國(guó)外原文報(bào)道為準(zhǔn)。
原文報(bào)道：
Changing gut bacteria could explain chronic western illnesses: Study
By Caroline Scott-Thomas, 06-Aug-2010
A shift in gut microbial composition may explain the rising prevalence of chronic stomach upsets and even obesity among children in developed nations, suggests new research.
Diets high in fat, sugar and protein, and low in fiber have been associated with increased incidence of noninfectious intestinal diseases all over the world.
Researchers writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS), examined differences in gut microbiota in 14 healthy children in rural Burkina Faso and 15 healthy children in urban Italy in an effort to explain the role of gut bacteria in some of these chronic illnesses.
The Burkina Faso children ate a diet high in starch, fiber and plant polysaccharides, and low in fat and animal protein – a diet thought to be similar to that of early human settlements at the time of the birth of agriculture. The Italian children’s diet was typical of the developed world – high in animal protein, sugar, starch, and fat, and low in fiber.
The researchers, from the University of Florence, compared intestinal bacteria in the two populations and found that significant differences developed from the time that breast feeding ceased.
“Our results suggest that diet has a dominant role over other possible variables such as ethnicity, sanitation, hygiene, geography, and climate, in shaping the gut microbiota,” the authors wrote.
“We can hypothesize that the reduction in richness we observe in EU compared with BF children, could indicate how the consumption of sugar, animal fat, and calorie-dense foods in industrialized countries is rapidly limiting the adaptive potential of the microbiota.”
The Burkina Faso children’s diet was based on millet, sorghum, black eyed peas and vegetables, and contributed nearly twice as much fiber as the Italian children’s diet, leading the researchers to suggest that high fiber intake could play a central role in shaping gut microbiota.
And the ratios of gut bacteria for the Italian children have previously been linked to increased risk of obesity – perhaps providing a useful obesity biomarker, the researchers wrote.
They said that the study could prompt further research looking to clarify the relationship between differences in gut microbiota, health and disease, and could also lead to the development of novel probiotic products.
“Both in the Western world and in developing countries diets rich in fat, protein and sugar, together with reduced intake of unabsorbable fibers, are associated with a rapid increase in the incidence of noninfectious intestinal diseases,” they wrote. “…Reduction in microbial richness is possibly one of the undesirable effects of globalization and of eating generic, nutrient-rich, uncontaminated foods.”
